Aim To review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome
(DS). Methods A literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface …

Background Young people who fail to develop language as expected face significant
challenges in all aspects of life. Unfortunately, language disorders are common, either as a …

Background People with an intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to communication
impairments, with consequences for employment, education, and social participation. Aims …

Background Narrative ability is crucial for social participation in everyday and school life but
involves different language abilities such as vocabulary and morpho-syntax. This is …

There is now an extensive empirical literature on the nature and extent of pragmatic
disorders in a range of clinical populations. This chapter attempts to organize the findings of …

Purpose Impaired pragmatic language (ie, language use for social interaction) is a hallmark
feature of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most …

Down Syndrome is the most common genetic cause for intellectual disability, yet the
pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in Down Syndrome is unknown. We compared …

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS) are the two
leading genetic causes of intellectual disability, and FXS is the most common known genetic …

Characterising how socio‐cognitive abilities develop has been crucial to understanding the
wider development of typically developing children. It is equally central to understanding …

Alterations in mitochondrial activity and morphology have been demonstrated in human
cells and tissues from individuals with Down syndrome (DS), as well as in DS mouse …