We reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, disease severity, and economic
burden of influenza B as reported in the peer-reviewed published literature. We used …

Background The consequences of influenza in the elderly (those age 65 years or older) are
complications, hospitalisations, and death. The primary goal of influenza vaccination in the …

These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza …

The role of T cells in mediating heterosubtypic protection against natural influenza illness in
humans is uncertain. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) provided a unique natural …

Background Assessment of the effect of influenza on populations, including risk of infection,
illness if infected, illness severity, and consultation rates, is essential to inform future control …

Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance of influenza Page 1 WHO Global
Influenza Surveillance Network Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance …

Introduction Seasonal influenza affects millions of people globally each year, causing
significant morbidity and mortality. However, there remains substantial uncertainty about the …

Clinical laboratories historically diagnose seven or eight respiratory virus infections using a
combination of techniques including enzyme immunoassay, direct fluorescent antibody …

The appearance of eight new respiratory viruses, including the SARS coronavirus in 2003
and swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 in 2009, in the human population in the past nine years …

ContextInfluenza vaccination lowers, but does not eliminate, the risk of influenza. Making a
reliable, rapid clinical diagnosis is essential to appropriate patient management that may be …