Abstract In 2003 the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a working group and
published a set of standard methods for studies measuring nasopharyngeal carriage of …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory tract pathogen causing pneumococcal
disease mainly in children aged less than five years and in the elderly. Ninety-eight different …

Streptococcus pneumoniae typically express one of 92 serologically distinct capsule
polysaccharide (cps) types (serotypes). Some of these serotypes are closely related to each …

Background The pneumococcus is a diverse pathogen whose primary niche is the
nasopharynx. Over 90 different serotypes exist, and nasopharyngeal carriage of multiple …

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious pathogen causing various infections in
humans. We evaluated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of S …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of infection and commonly colonizes the
nasopharynx of young children, along with other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a human pathogen responsible for a
spectrum of diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The capsule is the major …

Background Up to 30% of patients admitted to hospitals with invasive pneumococcal
disease (IPD) experience major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) including …

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading infectious cause of death and the
sixth-leading cause of death overall worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae, with more than …

Background Although people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at
increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and community-acquired pneumonia …