Background GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with exenatide bid first approved to treat
type 2 diabetes in 2005 have been further developed to yield effective compounds …

Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major
impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress …

Despite an ever-growing prevalence and increasing economic burden of Alzheimer's
disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), recent advances in drug development have …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for
most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging …

Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting …

Therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders have commonly targeted individual
aspects of the disease pathogenesis to little success. Neurodegenerative diseases …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with
devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature …

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a pleiotropic polypeptide, plays an essential role
in CNS development and maturation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous …

Introduction: This review evaluates the novel strategy of treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease (AD and PD) withdrugs that initially have been developed to treat type 2 diabetes …