Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

Epidemiological surveys indicate that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is
increasing rapidly with the continuous growth of the economy. A large number of studies …

The microbiomes on human body surfaces affect health in multiple ways. They include not
only commensal or mutualistic bacteria but also potentially pathogenic bacteria, which can …

In recent decades, bacteriocins have received substantial attention as antimicrobial
compounds. Although bacteriocins have been predominantly exploited as food …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …

Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire
this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that …

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of
microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and …

The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including
trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous …

The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous
microorganisms. The mechanisms via which the gut microbiota provide colonization …