The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Nerve terminals are specific sites of action of a very large number of toxins produced by
many different organisms. The mechanism of action of three groups of presynaptic …

CLOSTRIDIAL neurotoxins, including tetanus toxin and the seven serotypes of botulinum
toxin (A–G), are produced as single chains and cleaved to generate toxins with two chains …

▪ Abstract Membrane fusion involves the merger of two phospholipid bilayers in an aqueous
environment. In artificial lipid bilayers, fusion proceeds by means of defined transition states …

The clostridial neurotoxins responsible for tetanus and botulism are metallo‐proteases that
enter nerve cells and block neurotransmitter release via zinc‐dependent cleavage of protein …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT, serotypes AG) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are bacterial
proteins that comprise a light chain (Mr≈ 50) disulfide linked to a heavy chain (Mr≈ 100) …

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are produced by Clostridia and cause the neuroparalytic
syndromes of tetanus and botulism. Tetanus neurotoxin acts mainly at the CNS synapse …

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and
botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases …

Abstract SNAP-25, a membrane-associated protein of the nerve terminal, is specifically
cleaved by botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A and E, which cause human and animal …

The clostridial neurotoxins responsible for tetanus and botulism are proteins consisting of
three domains endowed with different functions: neurospecific binding, membrane …