Many economic, political and social environments can be described as contests in which
agents exert costly effort while competing over the distribution of a scarce resource. These …

I review evidence that individuals associate themselves—or identify—with groups in two
fundamental ways: ingroup bias and conformity to group norms. The evidence spans many …

How much do different monetary and non-monetary motivators induce costly effort? Does
the effectiveness line up with the expectations of researchers and with results in the …

Relative-pay concerns have potentially broad labor market implications. In a month-long
experiment with Indian manufacturing workers, we randomize whether coworkers within …

We review the evidence on social incentives, namely on how social interactions with
colleagues, subordinates, bosses, customers, and others shape agents' effort choices in …

Domestic attempts to use financial incentives for teachers to increase student achievement
have been ineffective. In this paper, we demonstrate that exploiting the power of loss …

Public relative performance feedback (RPF) on an individual worker's productivity metrics is
used in various organizations with the hopes of improving worker productivity, but its effects …

Rank-order relative-performance evaluation, in which pay, promotion, symbolic awards, and
educational achievement depend on the rank of individuals in the distribution of …

Organizations often use non-monetary awards to incentivize performance. Awards may
affect behavior through several mechanisms: by conferring employer recognition, by …

Rankings are omnipresent in the finance industry, yet the literature is silent on how they
impact financial professionals' behavior. Using lab‐in‐the‐field experiments with 657 …