Frailty in aging marks a state of decreased reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to
adverse outcomes when exposed to stressors. This Perspective synthesizes the evidence …

Some recent clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
factor that interacts with the three neurobiological correlates of major depressive disorder …

The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating
brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways and …

The diverse collection of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, collectively
called the gut microbiota, profoundly influences many aspects of host physiology, including …

As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in
maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform …

Myriad clinical findings provide links between chronic stressors, inflammation, and mood
disorders. Furthermore, traumatic or chronic exposure to psychological stressors may …

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the complexity and diversity of the
microorganisms that inhabit our gut (human gastrointestinal microbiota) and health/disease …

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems were recognized long ago, but
recent studies show that this crosstalk occurs more frequently than was previously …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and its prevalence is 2 times higher
in women than in men. There is, however, a lack of data on sex-specific pathophysiology of …