This paper reviews 12 research‐based principles for how to design computer‐based
multimedia instructional materials to promote academic learning, starting with the …

The signaling effect states that learners profit from cues that highlight the organization of
specific relevant information within materials. This meta-analysis includes 103 studies and …

The signaling (or cueing) principle, refers to the finding that multimedia learning materials
become more effective when cues are added that guide learners' attention to the relevant …

When a concise multimedia lesson containing complicated material is presented at a fast
rate, the result can be a form of cognitive overload called essential overload. Essential …

The capacity limitations of working memory are a major impediment when students are
required to learn new material. Furthermore, those limitations are relatively inflexible …

Background: The development of the Internet and communication technology has
revolutionarily changed the education contents and methods. Various governments and …

This study examined the impact of cues on learning processes and outcomes in short
instructional videos. One hundred and twenty college students were randomly assigned to …

Providing single-modality cueing (either visual cueing or auditory cueing) in multimedia
lessons does not consistently improve learning outcomes. In 3 eye-tracking experiments …

Cueing facilitates retention and transfer of multimedia learning. From the perspective of
cognitive load theory (CLT), cueing has a positive effect on learning outcomes because of …

Abstract When Virtual Reality (VR) is used to present learning content, the three-
dimensional image is often not sufficient and additional text is required, either in the form of …