Subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) evolved at different times. Agranular parts of the
PFC emerged in early mammals, and rodents, primates, and other modern mammals share …

Compared to most other mammals and birds, anthropoid primates have unusually complex
societies characterised by bonded social groups. Among primates, this effect is …

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate
cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large …

Relative brain size has long been considered a reflection of cognitive capacities and has
played a fundamental role in developing core theories in the life sciences. Yet, the notion …

Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a phylogenetic context is essential for
understanding the evolution of human genetic architecture and primate diversity. We present …

INTRODUCTION Drimolen is one of several ancient caves located in the Hominid Caves of
South Africa United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) …

The human brain stands out among mammals by being unusually large. The expensive-
tissue hypothesis explains its evolution by proposing a trade-off between the size of the …

Humans' unique cognitive abilities are usually attributed to a greatly expanded neocortex,
which has been described as" the crowning achievement of evolution and the biological …

Explanations for primate brain expansion and the evolution of human cognition and culture
remain contentious despite extensive research. While multiple comparative analyses have …

A widespread and popular belief posits that humans possess a cognitive capacity that is
limited to keeping track of and maintaining stable relationships with approximately 150 …