The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a quality-control system for'proof-reading'newly
synthesized proteins, so that only native conformers reach their final destinations. Non …

Sialylated N-glycans play essential roles in the immune system, pathogen recognition and
cancer. This review approaches the sialylation of N-glycans from three perspectives. The …

Mitochondria amplify activation of caspases during apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and
other cofactors. This is accompanied by fragmentation of the organelle and remodeling of …

The coronavirus E protein is a small membrane protein that has an important role in the
assembly of virions. Recent studies have indicated that the E protein has functions during …

▪ Abstract Electron tomography (ET) is uniquely suited to obtain three-dimensional
reconstructions of pleomorphic structures, such as cells, organelles or supramolecular …

The local generation of phosphatidic acid plays a key role in the regulation of intracellular
membrane transport through mechanisms which are largely unknown. Phosphatidic acid …

Phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a central role in cell signaling and in the biosynthesis of other
lipids. To date, however, the subcellular distribution and transmembrane topology of this …

The Golgi apparatus is composed of biochemically distinct early (cis, medial) and late (trans,
TGN) cisternae. There is debate about the nature of these cisternae,,. The stable …

Newly synthesized secretory cargo molecules pass through the Golgi apparatus while
resident Golgi proteins remain in the organelle. However, the pathways of membrane traffic …

A variety of secretory cargoes move through the Golgi, but the pathways and mechanisms of
this traffic are still being debated. Here, we evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of five …