Quercetin is an important flavonoid that is ubiquitously present in the diet in a variety of fruits
and vegetables. It has been traditionally viewed as a potent antioxidant and anti …

Highlights•Numerous pathophysiological features of DMD provide different therapeutic
avenues.•Pharmacolougical therapies target all muscles and are applicable to all DMD …

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate the deacetylation of numerous
histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a wide range of cellular processes …

Cardiac hypertrophy is an important characteristic in the development of hypertensive heart
disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathology of cardiac …

Vascular calcification is a strong independent predictor of increased cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality and has a high prevalence among patients with chronic kidney …

Utrophin is an autosomal paralogue of dystrophin, a protein whose deficit causes Duchenne
and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD). Utrophin is naturally overexpressed at the …

Mitochondria are double-membraned cellular organelles that provide the required energy
and metabolic intermediates to cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects …

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the conversion of chemical energy into physical force.
Muscle atrophy, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, is a symptom of chronic …

Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by a
dystrophin protein deficiency. Dystrophin functions to stabilize and protect the muscle fiber …

Background and purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal X-linked recessive
muscle dystrophy, is resulted in by different mutations including mostly frame-shifting gross …