Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large
family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif …

Over the past few decades, biologists have identified key molecular signatures associated
with a wide range of human cancers. Recently, animal models have been particularly useful …

Tumor cells have a dysregulated cell cycle that may render their proliferation especially
sensitive to the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), important regulators of cell …

FoxO transcription factors are an evolutionary conserved subfamily of the forkhead
transcription factors, characterized by the forkhead DNA-binding domain. FoxO factors …

Chemoresistance is one of the major reasons leading to ovarian cancer high mortality and
poor survival. Studies have shown that the alteration of cellular autophagy is associated with …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is critically involved in the activation of hepatic stellate
cells (HSCs) that occurs during the process of liver damage, for example, by alcohol …

Background Cyclin D1 is a well-characterised cell cycle regulator with established
oncogenic capabilities. Despite these properties, studies report contrasting links to tumour …

Id-1 (Inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding) is a member of the helix–loop–helix protein
family expressed in actively proliferating cells. It regulates gene transcription by …

Genomic amplification of 19q12 occurs in several cancer types including ovarian cancer
where it is associated with primary treatment failure. We systematically attenuated …

Recent evidence demonstrates that senescence acts as a barrier to tumorigenesis in
response to oncogene activation. Using a mouse model of breast cancer, we tested the …