Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide
and is therefore a major global health challenge. The two major subtypes of oesophageal …

Improved understanding of the immune system and its role in cancer development and
progression has led to impressive advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy over the …

Background First-line chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma
results in poor outcomes. The monoclonal antibody nivolumab has shown an overall …

PURPOSE Patients with advanced esophageal cancer have a poor prognosis and limited
treatment options after first-line chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this open …

Background No adjuvant treatment has been established for patients who remain at high
risk for recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal or …

Background Chemotherapy for patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell
carcinoma offers poor long-term survival prospects. We report the final analysis from our …

Background Patients with advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
have poor prognosis and few treatment options after first-line therapy. We aimed to assess …

Importance Programmed cell death (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
inhibitors have been increasingly used in cancer therapy. Understanding the treatment …

The primary objective of these guidelines is to provide general clinicians with information
that would guide them to make informed choices of the available diagnosis/treatment …

The tumor microenvironment is a highly complex ecosystem of diverse cell types, which
shape cancer biology and impact the responsiveness to therapy. Here, we analyze the …