BACKGROUND The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved
intracellular signaling network that helps the cell, tissue, and organism to adapt to a variable …

NLRP3 is the best characterized cytosolic nod-like pattern recognition receptor which can
detect microbial motifs, endogenous danger and stress signals. Activation of NLRP3 leads to …

Patients with well-controlled LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels still have residual
cardiovascular risk associated with elevated triglycerides. Epidemiological studies have …

The gut-microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is increased by insulin
resistance and associated with several sequelae of metabolic syndrome in humans …

Abstract Purpose of Review The omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have recently undergone testing for their ability to reduce …

With increased life expectancy, age-associated cognitive decline becomes a growing
concern, even in the absence of recognizable neurodegenerative disease. The integrated …

Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dedifferentiate and initiate expression of
macrophage markers with cholesterol exposure. This phenotypic switching is dependent on …

The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago,
but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in much of the world.
Adoption of a healthy lifestyle and cholesterol lowering are the key measures used to …

The inflammasome is a large intracellular protein complex that activates inflammatory
caspase-1 and induces the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Mitophagy plays an …