Multiple drug resistance (multidrug resistance; MDR), a phenomenon whereby human
tumours that acquire resistance to one type of therapy are found to be resistant to several …

Micro (mi) RNAs are emerging as important regulators of cellular differentiation, their
importance underscored by the fact that they are often dysregulated during carcinogenesis …

Human melanoma is composed of distinct cell types reminiscent of neural crest derivatives
and contains multipotent cells that express the neural crest stem cell markers CD271 …

Highly immunogenic cancers such as malignant melanoma are capable of inexorable tumor
growth despite the presence of antitumor immunity. Thus, only a restricted minority of …

Cancer stem cell (CSC) biology and tumor immunology have shaped our understanding of
tumorigenesis. However, we still do not fully understand why tumors can be contained but …

Elevation of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has immense
implication in the biological system. On the one hand, ROS promote the signaling cascades …

Melanoma growth is driven by malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMIC) identified by
expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) member ABCB5. ABCB5+ melanoma …

Abstract ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, widely studied in cancer for their role in
drug resistance, have been more recently also considered for their contribution to cancer …

The question of whether cancer stem/tumor-initiating cells (CSC/TIC) exist in human
melanomas has arisen in the last few years. Here, we have used nonadherent spheres and …

Aims: Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by overexpression of drug efflux transporters
such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is a major problem, limiting successful chemotherapy of …