Over the past decade the number and variety of protein post-translational modifications that
have been detected and characterized in bacteria have rapidly increased. Most post …

Phenotypically identical cells can dramatically vary with respect to behavior during their
lifespan and this variation is reflected in their molecular composition such as the …

The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is formed by many bacteria and
archaea. In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for …

Small RNAs are ubiquitously present regulators in all kingdoms of life. Most bacterial and
archaeal small RNAs (sRNAs) act by antisense mechanisms on multiple target mRNAs …

Antisense transcription, which was initially considered by many as transcriptional noise, is
increasingly being recognized as an important regulator of gene expression. It is …

Replication-transcription collisions shape genomes, influence evolution, and promote
genetic diseases. Although unclear why, head-on transcription (lagging strand genes) is …

Living cells are made up of individual parts, ie the genome, the proteins, the RNA and lipid
molecules as well as the metabolites and ions. However, life depends on the functional …

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes play critical roles in chromosome
dynamics in virtually all organisms, but how they function remains poorly understood. In the …

Bacillus subtilis is the best studied model organism of the Gram-positive lineage. It is
naturally transformable and has an extremely powerful genetic toolbox. It is fast growing and …

Tight coupling of transcription and translation is considered a defining feature of bacterial
gene expression,. The pioneering ribosome can both physically associate and kinetically …