Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation–the adaptive evolution of organisms to
cities–is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we …

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it
could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of evolutionary forces in …

Urbanization poses a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. We focused on birds as a well-
studied taxon of interest, in order to review literature on traits that influence responses to …

Land transformation, including urbanization, is a dominant form of anthropogenic change to
the global environment at the dawn of the Anthropocene epoch. More and more species are …

Stressors associated with urban habitats have been linked to poor wildlife health but
whether a general negative relationship between urbanization and animal health can be …

Numerous animal species can survive in human-modified habitats, but often display
behavioral, morphological, physiological or genetic plasticity compared to non-urban …

Animals often show reduced reproductive success in urban compared to adjacent natural
areas. The lower availability and quality of natural food in cities is suggested as one key …

The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on phenological events such as
reproductive timing is increasingly recognized. In birds, previous experiments under …

As urban areas continue to grow, understanding how species respond and adapt to urban
habitats is becoming increasingly important. Knowledge of the mechanisms behind …

Cities pose a major ecological challenge for wildlife worldwide. Phenotypic variation, which
can result from underlying genetic variation or plasticity, is an important metric to understand …