Since the first record of the five founder members of the group of Natterin proteins in the
venom of the medically significant fish Thalassophryne nattereri, new sequences have been …

Mucosal surfaces are of key importance in protecting animals against external threats
including pathogens. In the mucosal surfaces, host molecules interact with non-self to …

Lampreys are early jawless vertebrates that are the key to understanding the evolution of
vertebrates. However, the lack of cytomic studies on multiple lamprey organs has hindered …

Fish mucus acts as a physiological and immunological barrier for maintaining normal fish
physiology and conferring defense against pathogens infection. Here we report proteomic …

Background Salmonid species have followed markedly divergent evolutionary trajectories in
their interactions with sea lice. While sea lice parasitism poses significant economic …

Aerolysins initially characterized as virulence factors in bacteria are increasingly found in
massive genome and transcriptome sequencing data from metazoans. Horizontal gene …

Fishes represent the most diverse group of vertebrates, having inhabited the Earth for
approximately 480 million years during which they evolved many specialised adaptations …

Natterin is an aerolysin-like pore-forming toxin responsible for the toxic effects of the venom
of the medically significant fish Thalassophryne nattereri. Using a combination of …

Adaptation to environmental variation caused by global climate change is a significant
aspect of fisheries management and ecology. A reduction in ocean salinity is visible in near …

Bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) are widely distributed in animals
and plants. However, functional studies on these ALPs remain in their infancy. βγ-CAT is the …