The bivalent mRNA vaccine is recommended to address coronavirus disease variants, with
additional doses suggested for high-risk groups. However, the effectiveness, optimal …

Background SARS-CoV-2 remains a world-wide health issue. SARS-CoV-2-specific
immunity is induced upon both infection and vaccination. However, defining the long-term …

COVID-19 vaccines represent effective public health measures in contrasting the pandemic
worldwide. However, protection at the individual-level, which is of crucial importance from an …

Heterogeneity in vaccine response, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly,
represents a significant public health challenge. We conducted an in-depth examination of …

COVID-19 vaccines primarily prevent severe illnesses or hospitalization, but there is limited
data on their impact during hospitalization for seriously ill patients. In a Mexican cohort with …

Immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination should be evaluated in different populations
around the world. This study compared antibody responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 …

ABSTRACT T cell-mediated immunity is crucial for protection against severe COVID-19. The
performance of SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) to measure T cell …

Objective To investigate the effect of COVID-19 mRNA revaccination (two doses) on the
antibody response in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) who were initial vaccine non …

Objectives Booster COVID-19 vaccinations are used to protect the elderly, a group
vulnerable to severe disease. We compared humoral and cellular immunity in older versus …

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron quickly spread globally, also in regions with high vaccination
coverage, emphasizing the importance of exploring the immunological requirements for …