Auxin, one of the first identified and most widely studied phytohormones, has been and will
remain a hot topic in plant biology. After more than a century of passionate exploration, the …

H+-ATPases, including the phosphorylated intermediate–type (P-type) and vacuolar-type (V-
type) H+-ATPases, are important ATP-driven proton pumps that generate membrane …

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, which are dynamic structures displaying a strictly
regulated balance between rigidity and flexibility. Walls are fairly rigid to provide support and …

Plants respond to temperature changes by modulating florigen activity to optimize the timing
of flowering. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana mobile florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T …

Intracellular potassium homeostasis is a prerequisite for the optimal operation of plant
metabolic machinery and plant's overall performance. It is controlled by K+ uptake, efflux …

The promotive effect of auxin on shoot cell expansion provided the bioassay used to isolate
this central plant hormone nearly a century ago. While the mechanisms underlying auxin …

Hormones have been at the centre of plant physiology research for more than a century.
Research into plant hormones (phytohormones) has at times been considered as a rather …

Earthworms (Eisenia foetida) produce humic substances that can influence plant growth by
mechanisms that are not yet clear. In this work, we investigated the effects of humic acids …

Plant cell enlargement is regulated by wall relaxation and yielding, which is thought to be
catalyzed by elusive" wall-loosening" enzymes. By employing a reconstitution approach, we …

Plant cells elongate irreversibly only when load-bearing bonds in the walls are cleaved.
Auxin causes the elongation of stem and coleoptile cells by promoting wall loosening via …