Mapping human brain function is a long-standing goal of neuroscience that promises to
inform the development of new treatments for brain disorders. Early maps of human brain …

Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) holds great potential as a tool to alter neural
circuits non-invasively in both animals and humans. In contrast to established non-invasive …

Transcranial electric stimulation is a non-invasive tool that can influence brain activity;
however, the parameters necessary to affect local circuits in vivo remain to be explored …

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are used in experimental and clinical fields for
their potential effects on brain network dynamics and behavior. Transcranial electrical …

Symptoms of neurological diseases emerge through the dysfunction of neural circuits whose
diffuse and intertwined architectures pose serious challenges for delivering therapies. Deep …

Direct current stimulation is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool, which
was first introduced in animal and human experiments in the 1950s, and added to the …

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a unique form of non-invasive brain
stimulation. Sinusoidal alternating electric currents are delivered to the scalp to affect mostly …

Weak extracellular electric fields can influence spike timing in neural networks. Approaches
to noninvasively impose these fields on the brain have high therapeutic potential in …

Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing transcranial
direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), transcranial …