Sunspots are the most readily visible manifestations of solar magnetic field concentrations
and of their interaction with the Sun's plasma. Although sunspots have been extensively …

In this review we give an overview about the current state-of-knowledge of the magnetic field
in sunspots from an observational point of view. We start by offering a brief description of …

We review our current understanding of sunspots from the scales of their fine structure to
their large scale (global) structure including the processes of their formation and decay …

The magnetic and kinematic configuration of sunspot penumbrae is investigated by
performing an inversion of the Stokes profiles of three infrared lines at 1565 nm. We use a …

We investigate the fine structure of the sunspot penumbra by means of a model that allows
for a flux tube in horizontal pressure balance with the magnetic background atmosphere in …

Sunspot penumbrae exhibit prominent fine structure. Different interpretations of
spectropolarimetric observations suggest different, sometimes contradictory, properties of …

Inversions of spectropolarimetric observations of penumbral filaments deliver the
stratification of different physical quantities in an optical depth scale. However, without …

We study the polarization of spectral lines in the penumbra by integrating the radiative
transfer equation of polarized light for a three-dimensional model atmosphere of a sunspot …

We employ high-spatial resolution spectropolarimetric observations from the Solar Optical
Telescope on-board the Hinode spacecraft to investigate the fine structure of the penumbral …

In this paper we study the fine structure of the penumbra as inferred from the uncombed
model (flux tube embedded in a magnetic surrounding) when applied to penumbral …