Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

Conspectus Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the “gatekeepers” of the immune system in
humans and other animals to protect the host from invading bacteria, viruses, and other …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a globally abused, highly addictive stimulant. While
investigations of the rewarding and motivational effects of METH have focused on neuronal …

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the receptors of innate immunity. It is activated by
Pathogen-and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and triggers …

Simple Summary Recent evidence indicates that opioids can be active at a receptor that is
abundantly expressed on innate immune cells as well as cancer cells: the receptor is termed …

Diabetic chronic wounds cause massive levels of patient suffering and economic problems
worldwide. The state of chronic inflammation arises in response to a complex combination of …

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is the collection of cognitive impairments,
lasting days to months, experienced by individuals following surgery. Persistent POCD is …

Finding the ideal antimicrobial drug with improved efficacy and a safety profile that
eliminates antibiotic resistance caused by pathogens remains a difficult task. Indeed, there is …

There is growing interest in drug repositioning to find new therapeutic indications for drugs
already approved for use in people. Lovastatin is an FDA approved drug that has been used …

Intestinal inflammation is an inflammatory disease resulting from immune dysregulation in
the gut. It can increase the risk of enteric cancer, which is a common malignancy globally. As …