Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is
widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is …

Novel approaches for a non-toxic protection of timber have been investigated and referred to
as “wood modification”. Especially, chemical impregnation modifications show promising …

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of producing boards or coating
panels with good hygrothermal performance by using different agro-industrial wastes (grape …

Citric acid (CA) is commonly used as a green and cost-effective crosslinker to enhance the
physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing wood species. However, the flammability …

Microwave modification can increase the permeability of wood by delaminating and
rupturing its anatomical microstructures at their weak points. A high degree of intensity of …

The present work investigates the feasibility of producing boards, with unconventional
materials, namely hazelnut shells as a high-mass bio-aggregate and a sodium silicate …

Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was modified with an aqueous solution of sorbitol
and citric acid (SorCA) and a commercial phosphorus-based fire-retardant (FR). The aim of …

Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly
improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of …

Unmodified timber is susceptible to biodegradation in the marine environment by wood-
boring molluscs and crustaceans. Wood is a renewable resource and has a much lower …

The treatment of wood using in-situ polyesterification with citric acid and D-sorbitol (SCA) is
a novel method for enhancing wood properties. This method can effectively improve the …