Simple Summary The study of the hypothalamic neuromodulation of thermoregulation offers
broad areas of opportunity with practical applications that are currently being strengthened …

One of the main functions of infrared thermography (IRT) consists in detecting temperature
changes in organisms caused by variations in surface blood circulation. IRT is a useful tool …

Simple Summary Animal welfare is the result of physical and psychological well-being and
is expected to occur if animals are free:(1) from hunger, thirst and malnutrition,(2) from …

In light of the need to perform surgical techniques and the importance of animal welfare
because of acute pain, the objectives of the veterinary anaesthetists are to manage muscle …

Pain and anxiety are two of the most important concerns in clinical veterinary medicine
because they arise as consequences of multiple factors that can severely affect animal …

In the present study we investigated the influence of positive and negative arousal situations
and the presence of an audience on dogs' behavioural displays and facial expressions. We …

The science of animal welfare has evolved over the years, and recent scientific advances
have enhanced our comprehension of the neurological, physiological, and ethological …

The anesthetic-surgical stress response consists of metabolic, neuroendocrine,
hemodynamic, immunological, and behavioral adaptations through chemical mediators …

Simple Summary Grimace scales for laboratory animals were first reported ten years ago.
Yet, despite their promise as pain assessment tools it appears that they have not been …

Simple Summary In several species, facial expressions have been associated with positive
and negative emotions to communicate their mental state. In dogs, the interpretation of these …