Life is a cyclical chemical process that is regulated in four dimensions. We distinguish parts
of the cycle: development describes the changes from single cell to adult, and aging the …

SUMMARY PAS domains are newly recognized signaling domains that are widely
distributed in proteins from members of the Archaea and Bacteria and from fungi, plants …

We determined that two mouse cryptochrome genes, mCry1 and mCry2, act in the negative
limb of the clock feedback loop. In cell lines, mPER proteins (alone or in combination) have …

We used positional cloning to identify the circadian Clock gene in mice. Clock is a large
transcription unit with 24 exons spanning∼ 100,000 bp of DNA from which transcript classes …

We have examined posttranslational regulation of clock proteins in mouse liver in vivo. The
mouse PERIOD proteins (mPER1 and mPER2), CLOCK, and BMAL1 undergo robust …

Human osteoarthritis is a progressive disease of the joints characterized by degradation of
articular cartilage. Although disease initiation may be multifactorial, the cartilage destruction …

Light is a major environmental signal for circadian rhythms. We have identified and analyzed
cry, a novel Drosophila cryptochrome gene. All characterized family members are directly …

We have isolated three alleles of a novel Drosophila clock gene, double-time (dbt). Short-
(dbt S) and long-period (dbt L) mutants alter both behavioral rhythmicity and molecular …

The ability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) to persist and cause AIDS is dependent
on its avoidance of antibody-mediated neutralization. The virus elicits abundant, envelope …

Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) is a human behavioural phenotype
characterized by early sleep times and early-morning awakening. It was the first human …