Gram‐negative Pseudomonas bacteria are largely harmless saprotrophs, but some species
can be potent pathogens of both plants and mammals. Macrophage migration‐inhibitory …

Mammalian macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its paralog, D-dopachrome
tautomerase, are multifunctional inflammatory cytokines. Plants have orthologous MIF and D …

B cells that interact with T cells play a role in regulating the defense function by producing
antibodies and inflammatory cytokines. CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a …

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with
chemokine properties released by various immune and non-immune cells. It contributes to …

Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an atypical chemokine implicated in
intercellular signaling and innate immunity. MIF orthologs (MIF/D-DT-like proteins, MDLs) …

Nodding syndrome (NS) is a catastrophic and enigmatic childhood epilepsy, accompanied
by multiple neurological impairments and neuroinflammation. Of all the infectious …

Onchocerca volvulus causes blindness, onchocerciasis, skin infections and devastating
neurological diseases such as nodding syndrome. New treatments are needed because the …

Plasmodium falciparum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (PfMIF) is a homologue of
the multifunctional human host cytokine MIF (HsMIF). Upon schizont rupture it is released …

Vertebrates have developed effective immune mechanisms to fight microbial attacks, relying
on a sophisticated network of innate and adaptive responses, a circulatory system, and …

Vertebrates have developed effective immune mechanisms to fight microbial attacks, relying
on a sophisticated network of innate and adaptive responses, a circulatory system, and …