This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Plant extracts have been used as a source of medicines for a wide variety of human
ailments. Among the numerous traditional medicinal herbs, Psidium guajava L.(Myrtaceae) …

Context: Inflammatory pains caused by direct stimulation of nociceptors are altered by
release of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and chemokines and also gut microbiota. A …

The low effectiveness of morphine and related mu opioid analgesics for the treatment of
chronic inflammatory pain is a result of opioid-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines …

Chemokine release promotes cross-talk between opioid and chemokine receptors that in
part leads to reduced efficacy of morphine in the treatment of chronic pain. On the basis of …

The growing presence of artificial lighting across the globe presents a number of challenges
to human and ecological health despite its societal benefits. Exposure to artificial light at …

In view of the broad range of effects attributed to melatonin, this study evaluated its
analgesic effect on inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in …

Methods: On the first day of study, inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of
complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hindpaws of rats. Vitamin B 1 at doses of 100, 150 …

Regulation of the formation and rewiring of neural circuits by neuropeptides may require
coordinated production of these signaling molecules and their receptors that may be …

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that presents a wide range of physiological
functions including regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, enhancing immune function …