Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that is expressed as the output of many integrated
brain functions. Locomotion is organized at several levels of the nervous system, with …

Here, we review the neural circuit bases of habits, compulsions, and addictions, behaviors
which are all characterized by relatively automatic action performance. We discuss relevant …

The acquisition and execution of motor skills are mediated by a distributed motor network,
spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog …

The hypothesis that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons broadcast a reward prediction error
(RPE) is among the great successes of computational neuroscience. However, recent …

Hypotheses of striatal orchestration of behavior ascribe distinct functions to striatal
subregions, with the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) especially implicated in habitual and skilled …

The ability to sequence movements in response to new task demands enables rich and
adaptive behavior. However, such flexibility is computationally costly and can result in …

Cholinergic neurons comprise a small population of cells in the striatum but have
fundamental roles in fine tuning brain function, and in the etiology of neurological and …

The striatum is critical for controlling motor output. However, it remains unclear how striatal
output neurons encode and facilitate movement. A prominent theory suggests that striatal …

We previously reported the rapid development of habitual behavior in a discrete-trials
instrumental task in which lever insertion and retraction act as reward-predictive cues …

A popular hypothesis is that the dorsal striatum generates discrete" traffic light" signals that
initiate, maintain, and terminate the execution of learned actions. Alternatively, the striatum …