Morphometrics, the field of biological shape analysis, has undergone major change in
recent years. Most of this change has been due to the development and adoption of …

Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

The nasal cavity is essential for humidifying and warming the air before it reaches the
sensitive lungs. Because humans inhabit environments that can be seen as extreme from …

Geometric morphometric methods rely on the accurate identification and quantification of
landmarks on biological specimens. As in any empirical analysis, the assessment of inter …

The book is the most in-depth account of the fossil skull anatomy and evolutionary
significance of the 3.6-3.0 million year old early human species Australopithecus afarensis …

Molecular evidence indicates that the last common ancestor of the genus Pan and the
hominin clade existed between 8 and 4 million years ago (Ma). The current fossil record …

The highly fragmented and distorted skull of the adult skeleton ARA-VP-6/500 includes most
of the dentition and preserves substantial parts of the face, vault, and base. Anatomical …

Mineralized tissues accumulate elements that play crucial roles in animal health. Although
elemental content of bone, blood and teeth of human and some animal species have been …

Recent studies have demonstrated that the shape of the human temporal bone is particularly
strongly correlated with neutral genetic expectation, when compared against other cranial …

Despite intensive study, many aspects of the evolutionary history of great apes and humans
(Hominidae) are not well understood. In particular, the phylogenetic relationships of many …