Activin receptor‑like kinases (ALKs), members of the type I activin receptor family, belong to
the serine/threonine kinase receptors of the transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) …

Pig embryonic stem cells (pESCs) have been considered an important candidate for
preclinical research on human therapies. However, the lack of understanding of pig …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of cancer cells inside the tumor that have similar
characteristics to normal stem cells. CSCs stimulate tumor initiation and progression in a …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection accelerates liver fibrosis
progression compared with HBV or HCV monoinfection. Octamer binding transcription factor …

Derivation of bona fide porcine pluripotent stem cells is still a critical issue because porcine
embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are not available yet, and most of the culture conditions to …

Bovine embryonic stem cells (ESC) have features associated with the primed pluripotent
state including low expression of one of the core pluripotency transcription factors, NANOG …

Understanding essential signaling network requirements and making appropriate
adjustments in culture conditions are crucial if porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are to …

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer cell infiltration, migration, and proliferation significantly affect its
curative effect. Stemness gene octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) upregulated in …

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are implicated in the formation of hair follicles and epidermis.
This study aims to clarify the role of SMAD2 in regulating the differentiation of HFSCs, which …

Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells are commonly used as feeder cells to maintain the
pluripotent state of stem cells. MEFs produce growth factors and provide adhesion …