Area‐restricted search is the capacity to change search effort adaptively in response to
resource encounters or expectations, from directional exploration (global, extensive search) …

Visual search (VS) is a fundamental task in daily life widely studied for over half a century. A
variant of the classic paradigm—searching one target among distractors—requires the …

Area-restricted search (ARS) is a foraging strategy used by many animals to locate
resources. The behavior is characterized by a time-dependent reduction in turning …

The Bee System (an artificial bee swarm) is introduced in this paper. The proposed
approach is applied to the Traveling Salesman Problem. The obtained results are very …

Artificial life (ALife) uses biological knowledge and techniques to help solve different
engineering, management, control and computational problems. Natural systems teach us …

Facilitation occurs when an increase in the density of one species causes an increase in the
population growth rate or the density of a second species. In plants, ample evidence …

There are a number of emergent traffic and transportation phenomena that cannot be
analyzed successfully and explained using analytical models. The only way to analyze such …

Animals exploiting renewable resource patches are faced with complex multi‐location
routing problems. In many species, individuals visit foraging patches in predictable …

Flower visitors of several taxa (including bees, butterflies and hoverflies) are known to move
preferentially between flowers of the same species, while neglecting other equally …

This paper describes an” intelligent” system designed to make” realtime” decisions
regarding route shapes for situations in which locations of the depot, nodes to be served and …