The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main
functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the …

The integrity of mitochondrial function is fundamental to cell life. It follows that disturbances
of mitochondrial function will lead to disruption of cell function, expressed as disease or …

The classic theories of aging such as the free radical theory, including its mitochondria‐
related versions, have largely focused on a few specific processes of senescence …

Nitric oxide (NO) has long been known as endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is a
vasodilator, modulating vascular tone, blood pressure and hemodynamics, a role exploited …

Mitochondria are the major site for the generation of ATP at the expense of molecular
oxygen. Significant fractions (∼ 2%) of oxygen are converted to the superoxide radical and …

Nitrite represents a circulating and tissue storage form of NO whose bioactivation is
mediated by the enzymatic action of xanthine oxidoreductase, nonenzymatic …

Many changes occur during reperfusion of the myocardium after ischemic damage. Necrosis
and apoptosis appear to be ongoing during ischemia, while apoptosis is boosted by the …

Nitrite (NO2−) is an intrinsic signaling molecule that is reduced to NO during ischemia and
limits apoptosis and cytotoxicity at reperfusion in the mammalian heart, liver, and brain …

Administration of nitric oxide (NO), NO donors or drugs that enhance NO realease (statins,
calcium antagonists, ACE-inhibitors, dexamethasone) prior to ischemia protects the …

Beyond their role in generating ATP, mitochondria have a high capacity to sequester
calcium. The interdependence of these functions and limited access to presynaptic …