Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite
accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly diverse nanoscale membrane-bound structures
released from different cell types into the extracellular environment. They play essential …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contain DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolic molecules from
primary origins; they are coated with a phospholipid bilayer membrane and released by …

Background. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play important roles in various
physiological and pathological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that exosome …

Bipolar disorder is one of the severe mental diseases. Its high misdiagnosis rate and long-
time delayed diagnosis are related to the fact that the diagnosis procedure is mainly …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe affective disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of
depression or mania/hypomania, which significantly impair cognitive function, life skills, and …

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an important symptom of bipolar disorder (BD)
and other mental disorders and has attracted the attention of researchers lately. It is of great …

Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by the occurrence of
depressive episodes alternating with episodes of elevated mood (known as mania). There is …

Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disease characterized by
alternating mood episodes. As for any other psychiatric illness, currently there is no …

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder with unknown
pathophysiology. The abnormality of white matter structural connectivity and dysregulation of …