The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self'molecules derived from
pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition …

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of
cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic …

Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the
NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10–15% of all strokes and is associated with
high mortality and morbidity. Currently, no effective medical treatment is available to improve …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade that
contributes to substantial neuronal damage and behavioral impairment, and Toll-like …

Wound healing is a complex event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory,
proliferative, and remodeling. These phases are distinct in function and histological …

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of intracellular
proteins were originally identified as signaling adaptors that bind directly to the cytoplasmic …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in host defense
by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns alongside inflammatory processes …

Inflammation is an essential immune response characterized by pain, swelling, redness,
heat, and impaired function. A controlled acute inflammatory response is necessary to fight …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common type of fatal stroke, accounting for about 15%
to 20% of all strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes are associated with high mortality and morbidity …