Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an important component of the extracellular matrix as they
influence cell behavior and have been sought for tissue regeneration, biomaterials, and …

Cell traction force plays a critical role in directing cellular functions, such as proliferation,
migration, and differentiation. Current understanding of cell traction force is largely derived …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influences tumorigenesis, with gene
expression in the breast TME capable of predicting clinical outcomes. The TME is complex …

Cartilage equivalents from hydrogels containing chondrocytes exhibit excellent potential in
hyaline cartilage regeneration, yet current approaches have limited success at reconstituting …

Recently, ferroelectric fluid, such as ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals (NFLCs) and
ferroelectric smectic A LCs (SmAFLCs), has been of great fundamental and practical interest …

Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) critically regulate a number of
important cell functions including growth, differentiation and migration. Type I collagen and …

Ferroelectricity has been separately found in numerous solid and liquid crystal materials
since its first discovery in 1920. However, a single material with biferroelectricity existing in …

Understanding nanoscale mechanisms responsible for the recently discovered ferroelectric
nematics can be helped by direct visualization of self-assembly of strongly polar molecules …

Ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are a class of recently discovered fluid materials formed
by highly polar molecules that spontaneously align along a common direction, giving rise to …

Deer antler velvet, with kidney tonifying, promoting the production of essence and blood,
strengthening tendons and bones, not only has a thousand-year medicinal history but also …