Hypophosphatasia (HPP) results from ALPL mutations leading to deficient activity of the
tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase isozyme (TNAP) and thereby extracellular …

Endochondral ossification is a carefully orchestrated process mediated by promoters and
inhibitors of mineralization. Phosphatases are implicated, but their identities and functions …

The importance of matrix vesicles (MVs) has been repeatedly highlighted in the formation of
cartilage, bone, and dentin since their discovery in 1967. These nano-vesicular structures …

Human and mouse alkaline phosphatases (AP) are encoded by a multigene family
expressed ubiquitously in multiple tissues. Gene knockout (KO) findings have helped define …

Teeth are mineralized organs composed of three unique hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and
cementum, and supported by the surrounding alveolar bone. Although odontogenesis differs …

Functional ablation of tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)(Alpl−/− mice) leads
to hypophosphatasia, characterized by rickets/osteomalacia attributable to elevated levels of …

Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It
develops in several diseases and locations, such as in the tunica intima in atherosclerosis …

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is an enzyme present on the surface of
mineralizing cells and their derived matrix vesicles that promotes hydroxyapatite crystal …

Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disease in which
mutations in the ALPL gene (encoding tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) result in …

Tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is expressed in mineralizing tissues and
functions to reduce pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of mineralization. Loss of TNAP …