Maintenance of normal epithelial ion and water transport in the lungs includes providing a
thin layer of surface liquid that coats the conducting airways. This airway surface liquid is …

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are part of a complex network of interacting biochemical
pathways and as such are involved in several disease states. Dependent on site and type of …

Introduction Although both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS can be accompanied by
significantly increased levels of circulating cytokines, the former significantly differs from the …

Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a
potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID …

Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) are integral to maintaining salt and water homeostasis in
various biological tissues, including the kidney, lung, and colon. They enable the selective …

Background High-permeability pulmonary edema is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) and is frequently accompanied by impaired alveolar fluid clearance …

TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is the best known as a proinflammatory cytokine; yet,
this cytokine also has important immunomodulatory and regulatory functions. As the effects …

The lungs conceptually represent a sponge that is interposed in series in the bodies'
systemic circulation to take up oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. As such, it matches the …

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major etiologic agent of bacterial pneumonia.
Autolysis and antibiotic-mediated lysis of pneumococci induce release of the pore-forming …

In the past, it was believed that the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was
restricted to epithelial tissues, such as the distal nephron, airway, sweat glands, and colon …