Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, pars
compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with …

In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for the folding and trafficking of
proteins that enter the secretory pathway. Environmental insults or increased protein …

The kinetically sluggish rate of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode side is one
of the main bottlenecks of zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), and thus the search for an efficient and …

Prions are proteins that adopt alternative conformations that become self-propagating; the
PrPSc prion causes the rare human disorder Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). We report …

Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in
all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the major protein degradation pathways,
where abnormal UPS function has been observed in cancer and neurological diseases …

Substantial evidence links α-synuclein, a small highly conserved presynaptic protein with
unknown function, to both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein has …