Organisms must survive a variety of stressful conditions, including sudden temperature
increases that damage important cellular structures and interfere with essential functions. In …

Protein quality control involves sensing and treatment of defective or incomplete protein
structures. Misfolded or mislocalized proteins trigger dedicated signal transduction cascades …

Gram-negative bacteria shield themselves from antibiotics by producing an outer membrane
(OM) that forms a formidable permeability barrier. Multidrug resistance among these …

Microorganisms live in fluctuating environments, requiring stress response pathways to
resist environmental insults and stress. These pathways dynamically monitor cellular status …

The bacterial cell envelope is essential for cell viability and is a target for numerous
antibiotics and host immune defenses. Thus bacteria must sense and respond to damage to …

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is an essential organelle that serves
as a selective permeability barrier by keeping toxic compounds out of the cell while allowing …

Over the past decade, regulatory proteolysis has emerged as a paradigm for
transmembrane signal transduction in all organisms, from bacteria to humans. These …

Intramembrane metalloproteases are nearly ubiquitous in living organisms and they function
in diverse processes ranging from cholesterol homeostasis and the unfolded protein …

Site-2-proteases are a class of intramembrane proteases involved in regulated
intramembrane proteolysis. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a highly conserved …

During the extracytoplasmic stress response in Escherichia coli, the intramembrane
protease RseP cleaves the anti-σ E protein RseA only after the membrane-anchored …