T Regulatory cells (Tregs) can have both protective and pathological roles. They maintain
immune homeostasis and inhibit immune responses in various diseases, including cancer …

T Regulatory cells (Tregs) act as a double-edged sword by regulating immune homeostasis
(protective role) and inhibiting immune responses in different disease settings (pathological …

TGF-β is essential for inducing systemic tumor immunosuppression; thus, blocking TGF-β
can greatly enhance antitumor immunity. However, there are still no effective TGF-β …

Melatonin affects a variety of physiological processes including circadian rhythms, cellular
redox status, and immune function. Importantly, melatonin significantly influences T‐cell …

Nowadays, melatonin, previously considered only as a pharmaceutical product for rhythm
regulation and sleep aiding, has shown its potential as a co‐adjuvant treatment in intestinal …

Although osteoarthritis (OA) has been traditionally regarded as a non-inflammatory disease,
reports increasingly suggest that it is inflammatory, at least in certain patients. OA patients …

T-cell-mediated immune responses aim to protect mammals against cancers and infections,
and are also involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Although
Foxp3 expression marks the commitment of progenitors to Treg cell lineage, how Treg cells …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an incurable disease associated with
viral infections and connective tissue diseases. The relationship between inflammation and …

In this Essay, we offer a new perspective on how immune responses are regulated. We do
not cover how they are turned on and off, but focus instead on the second major aspect of an …