The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), discovered 46 years ago, is a transcript factor member
of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) family deeply implicated in health …

Herbal medicines have been widely used for thousands of years, and now are gaining
continued popularity worldwide as a complementary or alternative treatment for a variety of …

Kava (Piper methysticum) is an ethnomedicinal shrub native to the Polynesian islands with
well-established anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Its main psychoactive principles …

Kava (Piper methysticum) has been widely consumed for many years in the South Pacific
Islands and displays psychoactive properties, especially soothing and calming effects. This …

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been shown to increase the incidence in liver tumors in mice
in a 2-year bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program. In this study, the DNA …

Leflunomide, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has been reported to cause
severe liver problems and liver failure; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In …

Amiodarone is a widely used potent antiarrhythmic for the treatment of cardiac disease;
however, its use is often discontinued due to numerous adverse effects, including …

Goldenseal has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments including
gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary tract disorders, and inflammation. The five major …

Kava (kava kava, Piper methysticum) is a common drug-containing plant in the Pacific
islands. Kavalactones, its psychoactive compounds, exert potent central nervous system …

Kava or kava-kava (Piper methysticum) is a plant used for the production of a ritual drink with
tranquilizing properties. The kavalactones are the main compounds of the kava drinks (see …