A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Depending on their physiology and metabolism, bacteria can carry out diverse redox
processes for energy acquisition, which facilitates adaptation to environmental or host …

The purine-derived signaling molecules c-di-AMP and (p) ppGpp control mecA/PBP2a-
mediated β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) raise …

Health leaders and scientists worldwide consider antibiotic resistance among the world's
most dangerous pathogens as one of the biggest threats to global health. Antibiotic …

Alterations in the levels of numerous second messengers are ubiquitous responses to all
stresses that lead to apoptotic or hormetic responses. The sheer number and vast diversity …

Coix seed (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) is an important nourishing food and traditional Chinese
medicine. The role of their bioactive constituents in physiology and pharmacology has …

(p) ppGpp is at the core of global bacterial regulation as it controls growth, the most
important aspect of life. It would therefore be expected that at least across a species the …

Shewanella spp. play important ecological and biogeochemical roles, due in part to their
versatile metabolism and swift integration of stimuli. While Shewanella spp. are primarily …

Shewanella spp. possess a broad respiratory versatility, which contributes to the occupation
of hypoxic and anoxic environmental or host-associated niches. Here, we observe a strain …

Stringent response plays an important role in the response of Enterobacteriaceae
pathogens to rapid environmental changes. It has been shown that synergistic and …