Background Circadian rhythms, observed across all domains of life, enable organisms to
anticipate and prepare for diel changes in environmental conditions. In bacteria, a circadian …

Mutualistic symbioses are common throughout the animal kingdom. Rather unusual is a
form of symbiosis, photosymbiosis, where animals are symbiotic with photoautotrophic …

Giant clams are found in a mutualistic association with Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates.
While clams are economically important for fisheries, Symbiodiniaceae are responsible for …

Microorganisms form symbiotic relationships with the majority of animals and plants on earth
and are integral to their health and functioning in the ecosystem. Coral reefs in particular …

Giant clams are bivalves found across Indo-Pacific coral reefs and intensively harvested for
both food and marine aquarium trade markets. Aquaculture protocols are well established …

Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are ecologically and biogeochemically important in marine
and freshwater environments. However, surprisingly little is known of how this group …

Symbiodinium are dinoflagellate photosynthetic algae that associate with a diverse array of
marine invertebrates, and these relationships are comprehensively documented for adult …

Giant clams (genus Tridacna) are the largest living bivalves and, like reef-building corals,
host symbiotic dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium) that significantly contribute to their …

Symbiodinium are responsible for the majority of primary production in coral reefs and found
in a mutualistic symbiosis with multiple animal phyla. However, little is known about the …

Giant clams are invertebrates that form mutualistic associations with Symbiodiniaceae
dinoflagellates. Despite their ecological significance, gaps persist regarding our …