If the genome defines the program for the operations of a cell, signaling networks execute it.
These cascades of chemical, cell-biological, structural, and trafficking events span …

Abstract β-Catenin is a well-established driver of many cancers; however, there are
challenges in developing agents targeting β-catenin for clinical use. Recent progress has …

Background In diabetic kidney disease, high glucose damages specialized cells called
podocytes that filter blood in the glomerulus. In vitro culture of podocytes is crucial for …

The class IA PI3K signaling pathway is activated by growth factor stimulation and regulates a
signaling cascade that promotes diverse events including cell growth, proliferation …

Axin (also known as AXIN1) is a central negative regulator of the proto-oncogenic Wnt/β-
catenin signaling pathway, as axin condensates provide a scaffold for the assembly of a …

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a critical pathway that influences development and therapeutic
response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, many Wnt regulators …

The Frizzled family (FZD1–10) of G protein-coupled receptors regulates WNT signaling
mediating proliferative input. Dysregulation of FZD7 and exaggerated WNT/β-catenin …

The stimulus-response curve is usually modeled by the Hill function due to its simplicity and
clear molecular mechanisms (Michaelis-Menten type of kinetics). Unfortunately, the …

Bistability is a fundamental phenomenon in nature. In biochemical systems, it creates digital,
switch-like outputs from the constituent chemical concentrations and activities, and it is often …

Abstract Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) functions as a consistently active
serine/threonine kinase that is positioned at the intersection of numerous signaling …