Commensal and pathogenic microorganisms must resist the deleterious actions of bile in
order to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. Herein we review the current knowledge …

Escherichia coli is a predominant species among facultative anaerobic bacteria of the
gastrointestinal tract. Both its frequent community lifestyle and the availability of a wide array …

Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and
ever-changing environmental conditions. The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a …

The ability to grow at moderate acidic conditions (pH 4.0–5.0) is important to Escherichia coli
colonization of the host's intestine. Several regulatory systems are known to control acid …

Serovars of Salmonella enterica are frequent agents of foodborne disease worldwide. They
are capable of growing and surviving in numerous natural, commercial and host environs …

The formation of biofilm results in a major lifestyle switch that is thought to affect the
expression of multiple genes and operons. We used DNA arrays to study the global effect of …

The bacterial cell envelope is the first and major line of defence against threats from the
environment. It is an essential and yet vulnerable structure that gives the cell its shape and …

Small RNAs (sRNAs) from conserved noncoding genes are crucial regulators in bacterial
signaling pathways but have remained elusive in the Cpx response to inner membrane …

Our comprehensive expression cloning studies previously revealed that 20 intrinsic
xenobiotic exporter systems are encoded in the Escherichia coli chromosome, but most of …

The Cpx envelope stress response (ESR) has been linked to proteins that are integrated into
and secreted across the inner membrane for several decades. Initial studies of the cpx locus …