Covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to proteins is highly dynamic,
and both SUMO–protein conjugation and cleavage can be regulated. Protein desumoylation …

Tubulin and microtubules are subject to a remarkable number of post-translational
modifications. Understanding the roles these modifications play in determining the functions …

With the discovery in the late 1980s that the DNA-repair gene RAD6 encodes a ubiquitin-
conjugating enzyme, it became clear that protein modification by ubiquitin conjugation has a …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in regulating the inflammatory and immune
response and have been used since decades to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune …

Covalent modification by SUMO regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including
transcription, cell cycle, and chromatin dynamics. To address the biological function of the …

Covalent histone post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation,
phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation play pivotal roles in regulating many cellular processes …

SUMOylation is an essential modification that regulates hundreds of proteins in eukaryotic
cells. Owing to its dynamic nature and low steady-state levels, endogenous SUMOylation is …

Reversible modification of proteins by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) affects a large
number of cellular processes. In striking contrast to the related ubiquitin pathway, only a few …

SUMO, or Smt3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a ubiquitin-like protein that is post-
translationally attached to multiple proteins in vivo. Many of these substrate modifications …

The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family in vertebrates includes three different family
members that are conjugated as post-translational modifications to target proteins. SUMO-2 …