3854 growth factors. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a major role in
mitogenic signaling, and the canonical Ras-Raf-MEK [MAPK and extracellular signal …

Malignant tumor cells display uncontrolled proliferation, loss of epithelial cell polarity, altered
interactions with neighboring cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix, and enhanced …

Rho GTPases are involved in the acquisition of all the hallmarks of cancer, which comprise 6
biological capabilities acquired during the development of human tumors. The hallmarks …

Integrin-mediated cell attachment to the extracellular matrix is an established regulator of the
cell cycle, and the best-characterized targets of this process are the cyclin D1 gene and …

Rac is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which act as molecular switches to
control a wide array of cellular functions. In particular, Rac signaling has been implicated in …

Deregulated Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 have been discovered in various tumors,
including prostate and Rac protein expression significantly increases in prostate cancer. The …

TAM family receptor tyrosine kinases comprising Tyro3 (Sky), Axl, and Mer are
overexpressed in some cancers, correlate with multidrug resistance and contribute to …

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of death in men despite increased capacity to
diagnose at earlier stages. After prostate cancer has become hormone independent, which …

Hyaluronan, a widely distributed component of the extracellular matrix, exists in a high
molecular weight (native) form and lower molecular weight form (HMW-and LMW-HA …

Integrin-mediated adhesion to substratum is required for cyclin D1 induction in
mesenchymal cells, but we show here that the induction of cyclin D1 persists despite …