Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

In 1892, JL Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli
as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone …

We previously showed that Irisin, a myokine released from skeletal muscle after physical
exercise, plays a central role in the control of bone mass. Here we report that treatment with …

Experiencing real weightlessness in space is a dream for many of us who are interested in
space research. Although space traveling fascinates us, it can cause both short-term and …

Abstract Space sojourns are challenging for life. The ability of the human body to adapt to
these extreme conditions has been noted since the beginning of human space travel …

In postmenopausal women and elderly men, bone density decreases with age and vascular
calcification is aggravated. This condition is closely associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. A …

Bone fractures in older adults are often preceded by a loss of muscle mass and strength.
Likewise, bone loss with prolonged bed rest, spinal cord injury, or with exposure to …

Periostin is a highly conserved matricellular protein that shares close homology with the
insect cell adhesion molecule fasciclin 1. Periostin is expressed in a broad range of tissues …

Risk for premature osteoporosis is a major health concern in astronauts and cosmonauts;
the reversibility of the bone lost at the weight‐bearing bone sites is not established, although …

Mechanical stimuli including loading after birth promote bone growth. However, little is
known about how mechanical force triggers biochemical signals to regulate bone growth …